Of Mice and Men – Isolation – Curley’s Wife

Curley’s wife is the only female on the ranch and is described in a very feminine and incongruous manner, â€Å"full, rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made-up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers†. The bold, heavily made-up appearance matches her personality as she disguises her true feelings and emotions with lies like the colourful, interesting appearance disguises her lonely, isolated life. As the only woman, she is segregated from the ranch society and Steinbeck makes her seem more isolated and friendless by never giving her a name but being identified as Curley’s possession. She is seen throughout the novella searching constantly for Curley yet this is just an excuse to talk to the other people, â€Å"â€Å"I’m looking for Curley,† she said, her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. † She struggles to create friends or let alone have a civilised conversation with the men on the ranch. She uses this feminine appearance and flirtatious, predatory behaviour in an attempt to communicate and attract attention to herself. However this backfires and leaves her in a no-win situation as her heavily sexualised manner is the key point of criticism amongst the men as they describe her as a â€Å"tart† and â€Å"a piece of jail bait† who, if approached, will only lead to trouble as she can ultimately cause the destruction of their own versions of the ‘American Dream’. Her isolation throughout the novella is caused by her gender, sexual appearance and predatory behaviour.

The Contribution of Religion to Societies and Cultures in the 20th Century.

â€Å"Religion which does not have an impact on culture is a toothless tiger. † This quote exemplifies the idea that if religion did not impact an individual, it would have the same effect of a ferocious tiger not being able to exert its force. From the Latin religio (the respect for what is sacred) and religare (to bind, in the sense of an obligation), the word religion is an organised collection of belief and practice systems, focusing on what people determine to be sacred or spiritual.Throughout history and societies across the world, religious leaders have used sacred narratives, symbols and traditions in an attempt to give more meaning to life and to gain wisdom through the understanding of the universe. In every known culture throughout centuries, a form of religion is found, practiced either within a public manner within a group, or in a private sanction. The practice of religion can be found through different practices such as feasts and festivals, God or gods, music a nd art, meditation or initiation, sacrifice or service, and other aspects of culture.A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦.In order to gain insight of its contributions within cultures and society, it is important to look at this question with a sociological perspective. While a majority of people believe religion to be an individual process, as peoples beliefs are highly personal, religion is also considered to be a social institution. Social scientists recognise that religion exists as an organised and integrated set of beliefs and behaviours centred on basic social needs and values. Thus, religion is a cultural universal found in all social groups.The definition of a society is a community of people living in a particular region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations. Living within a societal range, we are accustomed to accept or reject the ideas of religion in which society develops and displays. When considering the impact of religion on a society this can have both a positive or negative impact. â€Å"Religious communities live by analogy: they see connections between God and humanity, between the spiritual and the material, and between the human persons who form the wider community.They value relationships and context and harmonious order. † Archbishop Thomas Collins. Religion discusses the extremely debatable questions such as ‘the meaning of life’. This leads into deeper questions such as â€Å"Who am I? Is there life after death? Is there a God? † Although these questions may seem impossible to answer, for individuals it brings a sense of comfort and belonging in search for those answers. It brings an individual self-worth and happiness, and the feeling of something to live for.This is one of the main reasons people decide to follow a certain religion – to bring them self-pleasure and to do right by their religion, therefore contributing positively to society. The overall contr ibution of religion is about beauty. In literature, architecture, painting, sculpture and even film we discover the exhilarating and inexhaustible depth of beauty in life. Under the topic of beauty, religion enters subtopics that emphasizes the giftedness of beauty, promotes beauty to enhance human flourishing, and encourages the response of awe and gratitude.The Bible is still considered one of the greatest works of literature of all time. This sacred text is universal, having the ability to reach out to an international audience. The Bible has the ability to build a community as cultures find these stories relatable. Also, the beauty in architecture found in places of worship is outstanding. This shows that the religious imagination recognises the ferment in the community before the beauty of such structures, such as the Sistine Chapel, attracting thousands of tourists daily to admire the beauty.Another major contribution of religion to society is the promotion of justice through the pursuit of common good. International figures such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, Dorothy Day, and Nelson Mandela are stellar representatives of religion who helped change oppressive social, economic and political systems – benefiting not only there society, but cultures around the world. Although religion can impact society in an extremely positive aspect, it can also be used as a manipulative tool for its promotion.It can encourage violence when religious believers are convinced that their views are being challenged, leading to an outbreak in wars. A recent example was associated with Islamic Terrorists being linked to sporadic violence in Uzbekistan. A man of god, Ulugbek Kodirov, entered the USA with the plan of assassinating Obama as he ‘knew this was what he was supposed to do for Islam’. He stated he was acting at the direction of an Islamic terror group in his home country. When analysing this situation, the manipulative ability that eligion can empow er over an individual is drastic. If it has the power to impact the individual, obviously the society will become involved. Geographically small cultures within Iran/Iraq can be hugely influenced by religion, as their cultures would focus on the main foundations that it provides. Another example of this is the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a militant movement which was operating in northern Uganda, South Sudan and entered the Central African Republic.The group’s main source of ideology is Christian fundamentalism; however, these followers under the group leader Joseph Kony (who proclaims himself as the spokesman for God) have been accused of widespread human rights violations, including murder, mutilation, child-sex slavery and abductions. This is a clear example of where the contribution of religion negatively impacts a culture – as a small society is more susceptible in acting for these violent crimes, as their knowledge of the outside world is censored. The f act that religion in these types of societies is monitored, doesn’t allow the individual to practice by oneself.Sacred texts are edited to suit the religious dictators views, punishments are ensured when one does worship correctly, and it is very rare for the ability of individuals to privately worship their personal beliefs. â€Å"There are those that advocate that the voice of religion be silenced, or at least relegated to the purely private sphere. There are those who argue that the public celebration of festivals such as Christmas should be discouraged. These are worrying signs of a failure to appreciate not only the rights of believers to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, but also the legitimate role of religion in the public square. Pope Benedict XVI In conclusion, religion is the backbone to our society. Although it has the capacity to negatively impact cultures, it also has the ability to share insight into the future generation religious leaders. Many r eligions send across the same message, having the same values and methods of worshipping. When these values are taken on board, it can provide positivity in different cultures, giving individuals renewed hope and a positive outlook on life.

Managerial Traits and Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial Traits and Skills - Research Paper Example 2). High level of emotional intelligence is fundamental to the good relations between a manager and the subordinates as well as the clients. Emotionally intelligent managers know how to tackle the challenges that are encountered by them on daily basis. Emotional intelligence inculcates a sense in the manager to deal with others without getting caught in dysfunctional conflicts with them. This enables them to achieve the organizational objectives without having to exert unnecessarily. Dealing with people in the appropriate way in context of a certain situation is not a rule of thumb. It is more of an art. Emotionally intelligent managers have the intrinsic feeling of behaving the right way, which may not necessarily require the manager to be patient all the time. There are times when it is better to let go of things and yet there are times when the manager needs to take serious action in order to control the situation. The manager derives this sense from emotional intelligence. ... locus of control inculcates confidence in the managers that they are able to control the circumstances and mould them according to the need of the hour. On the other hand, managers who have external locus of control tend to underestimate their ability to control the circumstances. Instead, they tend to think that things will happen as they are destined to be. While the significance of destination cannot be undermined, it is equally important for a manager to believe that his/her destination is in his/her own hands. Without this belief, the manager lacks the confidence required to play his/her individualistic role in the change of circumstances for the better. Interpersonal skills of an individual have a large impact on his/her effectiveness as a manager. Interpersonal skills, as the name indicates, are the skills required to deal with people. Interpersonal skills are linked to emotional intelligence and the two have a cause-and-effect relationship. High level of emotional intelligenc e inculcates sound interpersonal skills in the manager. The fundamental key to the improvement of interpersonal skills is knowledge of business ethics. Business ethics teach a manager what is the right thinking which needs to be adopted for the evaluation and analysis of matters. Teamwork is essential for a manager as he/she is frequently required to work as part of a team. Teamwork is essentially a skill that is not very common in people. Different people have different problems that affect their tendency to be effective as a team member. Such problems include but are not limited to attitude problems, neuroticism, and group think. Some people are not able to get along with others well. This may happen because of a contrast between others’ beliefs and perceptions and theirs. This causes

Observing Math instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Observing Math instruction - Essay Example It also allows students to learn both individually and in groups. This lesson will allow the impaired students to use their own senses. Their senses become highly developed, and they work on the ones they have shown deficiencies in. The lesson plan will also appeal to those with ADHD because of its stimulating and interactive nature. Primary: For students to understand that one whole turn is 3600, three quarters turn is 2700, half a turn is 1800 and a quarter turn is 900 this knowledge then gets applied while measuring angles using a protractor. Explain to students what the process for observation and learning will be for the measuring of angles. Lesson will commence with finding out what the students know about the angles. This gets followed by individual observation of how the teacher and the instructor on the projector turn. This will get done step by step until all angles are covered. Teacher then guides the students to measure the angles on photographs provided with a protractor. The lesson will sum up through questions that will test the understanding of the students and make clarifications. Introduce the lesson through an interactive session between the students and teacher. Explain to the students that one complete turn is four right angles. Ask the students to stand up and face North. Instruct them on the direction to face and face that way. Tell them to follow your instruction and to copy. Students watch on the projector and observe how the instructor turns making different turns to indicate different angles. This gets done step by step to allow students to emulate what the instructor is doing and understand which angle the turn indicates. Students will answer various questions assigned by the teacher to be answered during the observation. For example, how many degrees are; the first turn, second turn, third turn, fourth turn and fifth turn? After this, in small

Life after diagnosis and treatment of cancer in adulthood Essay

Life after diagnosis and treatment of cancer in adulthood - Essay Example In the article, the author describes that they use data software to anise the data collected. The author presents the data in graphs and tables reflecting the collected information. Besides, the information is discussed in a logical, manner to explain the identified gaps. The discussion borrows widely from the works of other studies to draw conclusions and recommendations. Therefore, in this perspective, the author meets all the basic requirements of the research. The authors use literature review in various ways. First, he uses it to show studies that have been done previously. The articles the authors review represent various studies in the past. In this, the authors explain the main aims of the studies hypothesis and the finds of these studies. When relevant the author also shows various recommendations the scholars made. By critically explaining the researchers reviewed, the scholars seek to prevent duplication of the work. Doing studies that have been already done wastes both re sources and time that could be employed in other places. Secondary, the author uses the review of articles from other scholars to identify the gaps in the study. This is the gaps that he eventually will seek to fill by his study. In this, the authors compare the objectives of one study with the findings of the study to find whatever that was left out. These they draw them from various sources on one study. In another aspect, the authors compare related findings to show various gaps that studies did not fulfill.

The Co-Teaching Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Co-Teaching Model - Research Paper Example Co-teaching model keeps the implementation of these policies intact. The discussion contained in this article shall emphasize on the nature of co-teaching, the mode of instructional delivery, and its effectives in general and special education. While there had already been signs of the implementation of co-teaching models during the 1950s, it was only recently that co-teaching models are much more adopted in private and public schools. Several reasons can be counted as substantial in transpiring the employment of co-teaching models in schools: (1) The No Child Left Behind Act, which insisted that educators must guarantee that every student, "including those with disabilities and other special needs", develops competitiveness irrespective of physical circumstances. (2) The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975), which required educators to employ educational inclusiveness by providing less restrictive learning environment (LRE) especially for students with serious disabilities. In fact, many strategies have been fashioned to realize these policies including, but not limited to, co-teaching. Over the last few years, co-teaching has "surfaced as a topic of discussion in schools throughout the country" (Cook, 2004). Hence, Marilyn Friend (2008) expresses that with the incrementing prevalence of co-teaching and "implied legislative stimulus for it", educators should go beyond simply knowing that such practice exists; educators must improve their understanding and competence concerning this practice. Generally, according to Cook (2004), co-teaching is an instructional approach that comprises two or more educators or other certified staff contracted to share instructional responsibility, "primarily in a single classroom or workplace and for a specific content". In contrary to the prevalent misconception regarding co-teaching, it is not necessarily collaborative, a team teaching or an inclusion (Cook, 2004). The

Childhood model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Childhood model - Essay Example Obese children should learn from healthy children through observation. In addition, they should be encouraged to adapt the requisite behaviors. Lastly, they should believe in their ability to change. Social cognitive theory came about because of the work conducted in the field of social learning theory advocated by Miller and Dollard in 1941. The theory has been applied in marketing where celebrities are used to introduce a product to a given demographic. A good example is the use of Drogba as the brand ambassador for Samsung in Africa. Students who perform well are rewarded with presents at the end of the academic year while those who exhibit good behavior are rewarded with leadership positions. The influence of the media is associated with social cognitive theory. People embrace behavior that is rewarded and shun what is punished (Ross, Lepper and Ward, 2010). Social cognitive theories are applied in the training of nurses and in their day-to-day responsibilities. Self-efficacy highlights an individual’s confidence in his or her ability to perform and master tasks. A student with a higher self-efficacy handles the Foley catheter with relative ease while one with a low self-efficacy would struggle handling

The Global internet backbone industry analysis paper Essay

The Global internet backbone industry analysis paper - Essay Example This essay will examine the global internet backbone industry and how it is organized. Internet is an open worldwide network that helps to interconnect computer networks using a number of standardized protocols in order to allow the exchange of data among them. Internet backbone is used to designate the core physical infrastructure that carries Internet Protocol traffic. The leading players in global internet industry include some big companies, governments, network center internet exchange points and network access points. Internet is both a point-to-point and point-to- multipoint medium: it connects individuals but also speaks to and interacts with vast numbers of people simultaneously (Dwyer, 2010). Internet is provided at first hand by tier 1 which consists of very large network service providers that own their own fiber optic or satellite links across nations and around the world. Many of these tier one companies operate a number of internet service providers that sell services to final users, others focus mostly on the wholesale market, selling bandwidth to tier 2 and tier 3 providers (Castells, 2011). Tier 1 providers have access to the global Internet routing table but do not purchase transit from anyone. Tier 2 Internet service providers buy capacity from tier 1 providers for resale. Tier 2 have networks with a more limited geographical coverage. Most of Tier 2 have their own PoPs and backbone nodes. The customers of Tier 2 internet service providers tend to be final users and they include businesses and households. On the other hand Tier 3 operators that include small internet service providers provide services exclusively to end users and normally they cover a small geographical area. Tier 3 Internet service providers should connect to either Tier 2 or tier 1 provider in order to access the Internet through the latter’s backbones: they may also have to lease their PoP facilities. The industry

Why I Joined the Marine Corps Essay Example for Free

Why I Joined the Marine Corps Essay In this paper I will illustrate the fallowing two points: â€Å"why I joined the United States Marine Corps and how as an anti tank guided missileman with the billet of driver; I can be useful to not only TOW platoon but the current second section. I will begin by explaining chronologically the events that led me into making the life altering decision to join America’s finest fighting force, the tip of the spear, those who run not away from but towards the sounds of the gun; The United States Marine Corps. I shall than thoroughly and objectively examine the billet of driver within an infantry platoon; and elucidate on how this billet (job) is useful. I will then proceed to illustrate as one who hold the hence forth mentioned billet how it is or can be useful to tow platoon. My decision to join the military in general I believe subconsciously started when my older brother returned from Army basic training. While my brother was a pretty smart guy he had never really been to apply himself nor did he have the drive to, but whatever had happened to him during army basic training had made a change in him; a change for the best. He came back and the transformation was evident in every single one of his actions and thoughts. He had a drive to accomplish all of his goals dreams and aspiration, not only that he had the discipline necessary to stay on his new found path. I went on to college in the fall fallowing his return from basic training not sure if these new traits and strength I saw in him would continue or disappear. When I returned home that fall after my first semester and talked to him and I saw the changes had stayed with him and grown even further. With all that he had used the tools he had been given to accomplish so much in already so little of time. All that stayed in my head, but it did not become relevant to me until my sophomore year of college. I realized that while I was doing well, I was simply just going through the motions. That’s when I made the decision to join the military. I first though I would join the army like my brother, however through a series of events and a need to surpass my brother I decided to join the few the proud The United States Marine Corp. I joined with the fallowing goals and mindset. I wanted to use the Marine Corps to not only further my education but focus it. I joined with the idea that once I got in I would have the drive and tools necessary to not only continue my education but just as my brother had done; I would strive to accomplish my dreams goals and aspirations with even more passion. Whether or not this has happened, is still to be determined. I think I’m still at the eve of my Marine Corps, wherever this institution will be able to help me accomplish what I hoped it would do career so that is all still up in the air. Now onto the subject of what I can contribute to tow platoon as driver. The job a driver within tow platoon as I understand it is to: â€Å"Know all the vehicle formation, all mounted IA drill, be able to maintain and upkeep the vehicle(s) assigned to him as to lessen the load of the vehicle commander; he should also know and understand the job and knowledge of one billet above and below (in this case only above)†. As such those would be my contribution to the platoon as a driver in town platoon second section. In summary I joined The united states Marine Corps with the purpose of furthering my education, and canalizing my energy and thoughts towards my aspirations, and work. Currently it seems like all of that will have to be at a standstill until the opportunity arises to forge forward with the aforementioned plans. On the subject of my contributions as a driver, I must maintain and increase my knowledge of what the driver is suppose know and be able to do; thus I will be able to contribute to tow platoon and second section by simply doing factions of the billet assigned to me.

The Wasp Factory Essay Example for Free

The Wasp Factory Essay After the bleakly comical last line of the first chapter, we are introduced to the routines of Frank, and the meticulous detail that he attaches to them.  In the opening passage, we are reminded of the fact that he lives on an isolated island, which can be considered as a key gothic theme, that of a removed or mysterious setting for the plot to unravel. A gothic story always seems to employ a setting that has particular obscurity or mystery, one that is removed from society. The ruins of gothic buildings gave rise to multiple linked emotions by representing the inevitable decay and collapse of human creations. Protestants often associated medieval buildings with what they saw as a dark and terrifying period, characterised by harsh laws enforced by torture, and with mysterious, fantastic and superstitious rituals. On page 22, Frank describes his actions of killing a jellyfish while running along the beach. His actions are described in painstaking detail, to the extent that the entire passage could probably be shortened down to a few sentences. This helps to reinforce the impression that Frank is fundamentally an unhinged persona, describing his actions in an almost autistic manner. Secondly in this instance, we are presented with the uncanny, a term coined by Freud as the class of frightening things that leads us back to what is known and familiar. We recognise the features of Franks life which are in accordance with that of a modern society. The quotidian things that he talks about we can (generally) relate to. However it is the contrast between these everyday terms and things like the sacrifice poles that creates the typical gothic tool of the uncanny. On the one hand we can relate to some of Franks views, but on the other we are shocked by the gruesome and graphic nature of his actions. On pages 23-24, Frank describes the wars that he enjoying carrying out. Ostensibly, these are simple childlike war games, something we are all familiar with, but Frank takes it a step further, employing real explosives, something that is not so normal. His obsession with his routine which must be carried out exactly the same every time also makes use of another gothic feature, that of a ritualistic aspect. This coincides particularly with the mood and themes of the Victorian gothic novel, with their morbid obsession with mourning rituals, mementos, and mortality in general.There is something sinister about the fact that Frank feels the need to return to the sacrifice poles in order to smear blood on them and consequently mark his territory. By doing so, he is further cutting himself off from the rest of the world by stating that they are not allowed onto his land, and what will happen if they do. Another typical feature of Gothic Fiction that of graphic violence or suffering. The description of the violence coincides with Franks detailed approach to life in general. Acts of violence are described in a clinical manner. It is from this that the true horror emerges. Violence is portrayed as cold and menacing, so that the killer is very methodical in his or her ways. Certainly Frank embraces the need to document his every move when he kills a large rabbit, even going as far as to say that he slit the buck in the anus. The Wasp Factory is very much a Gothic novel. Apart from all the elements included above, it also hold true to that other staple of Gothic Fiction, the idea that the Gothic Novel transcends time. Whether set in the Victorian Era, the 18th Century or the modern day, the themes stay the same. The idea is that while times may change, the fundamental elements of the Gothic are eternal and universal.

Brake Caliper: Part and Functionality

Brake Caliper: Part and Functionality Caliper is inarguably the most crucial part of a braking system in any kind of Brake assembly, be it a traditional Drum Brake setup or the more modern Disc Brake assembly. The caliper acts as an interface between the drivers action to stop a moving vehicle and the reaction of the vehicles wheel to this action. Hence, a caliper sees both- The action and the reaction. The of using the are as follows: High corrosion resistance, Good machinability, Good flow characteristics, Lower density The caliper in itself does not stop a moving wheel but it houses a set of brake shoes which press against the rotors of a wheel and stop them by creating friction. The pressing of the brake shoes takes place due to a hydraulic set-up consisting of pistons on the caliper which push the brake fluid which in turn pressurises the brake shoes. As the primary purpose of the caliper is to transfer load onto the brake shoes and to load them, it is essential that the caliper be a rigid part. As a result, calipers have been following the usage of traditional load bearing materials like Cast Iron, Forged steel, etc. However as every rigid part in an automobile comes with an opportunity to save weight, some research is being carried out in order to reduce the weight of the caliper while retaining its characteristic to carry and transfer sufficient load. Brake Caliper Current Material: In this direction of weight save, Aluminium is being employed in the devise and development of a brake caliper. By nature, aluminium has lower density (2.7 g/cm3) as compared to ductile Iron (7.8 g/cm3). This conversion to aluminium has saved weight upto 40 percent. Comparison between Traditional Vs Current Material The design and performance criteria for the caliper castings are stiffness, dimensional rigidity and temperature and fatigue life. The aluminium alloys which are mainly considered for calipers are A354 and A357 alloys.The calipers in the brake system are currently made of Aluminium alloys consisting 7-10% Silicon, 0.15-0.2 % Ferrous, 0.05-2% Copper, 0.03-0.1% Manganese, 0.4-0.6% Magnesium, 0.1% Zinc, 0.2% Titanium. Table: Composition of Aluminium Alloys (A354A357) Aluminium 354 has higher copper percentage when compared to Aluminium 357 hence so eutectic change. The rate of corrosion of the Aluminium 354 is higher as compared to Aluminium 357. Both the alloys undergo Boron Nitride Coating where A354 show higher elongation over A357.This means that choosing 357 over 354 is a better choice for our desired part: Brake Caliper. Drawbacks of the Current Material: One main drawback of using this material for automotive applications is its low Fatigue strength which is of extreme importance in a load bearing part like Caliper. This issue has to be addressed while selecting a new material. Proposed material Magnesium Alloy (AZ91) Magnesium is one of the lightest materials with density 1.74g/cm3, compared to Aluminium and Ductile Iron. Magnesium is the most commonly used alloying element as sea water has 0.3% which is considered as the major source. The major alloying materials used for the proposed material AZ91 are 8.5-9.5% Aluminium,0-45-1%, Zinc,0.05-0.1%,Silicon, upto 0.03% Copper,0.02%Nickel and 0.05%Ferrous. Chemical Composition of Magnesium Alloy AZ91 Minimizing the weight of a caliper leads to the reduction of unsprung weight of the car therefore improving the fuel efficiency and heat dissipation. As the alloy is softer, it has high damping capacity and good impact resistance. Physical Properties of AZ91 Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Fig.Thermal Conductivity The thermal conductivity of AZ91 is comparatively low with the other Magnesium alloys which reduces overheating of the brake fluid decreasing the problems associated with it. Fig. Ultimate Tensile Strength Vs Strain Rate Comparison chart of Specific Stiffness and strength of the materials The specific stiffness of Magnesium is considerably equal to that of Aluminium whereas the specific strength is higher in Magnesium. Due to the increase in strength, fatigue resistance increases due to high Magnesium content. Brake Caliper needs high Bending stiffness which is greater in AZ91 because of high elastic modulus.ÂÂ   Low melting temperature of Magnesium leads to longer die life. Magnesium displays higher corrosion resistance than aluminium when it is coated with Phosphate-Permanganate and Zinc-Nickel alloys. Though the cost is more than the former, it can be used because of high bending stiffness as well as lighter mass which results in good functioning of the vehicle. Magnesium Alloy (AZ91) is lower in density than Aluminium Alloy (AL3XX) thereby reducing the weight (33% lighter) and improving the efficiency of the vehicle. It displays high strength, modulus of elasticity, heat dissipation and castability when compared to AL3XX. Magnesium alloys also exhibit better nature when exposed to physical loading like better damping capability and lesser elongation at failure loading.

Presidency as an institution Essay -- essays research papers

The Presidency as an institution Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan both had their difficulties as President. Carter had terrible problems with economics as our country underwent high unemployment as well as many other economic problems. Reagan was one of the unfortunate Presidents that had to deal with assassination attempts. Both Presidents had great accomplishments both foreign and domestic. Carter ran as an anti-Washington establishment candidate. Reagan was elected four years later on a mandate for less government. The Carter and Reagan administrations are the start of an institutional evolution of the Presidency. Reagan was good at the institutional end of the Presidency because of his belief in limited government and his ability to communicate what many in the country were feeling during the poor economy of the late 1970’s. Reagan was able to efficiently adapt to situations by using immediate change to his advantage-surviving an assassination to garner support for his tax plan and understanding the circumstances in the former Soviet Union that, with proper engagement in this â€Å"fog† of the Cold War, help bring about the demise of communism as a major power in Europe. Page 2 Reagan’s success in changing to adapt to the political terrain, yet staying on his limited core intentions, can be used as a benchmark for change in the institution of the Presidency. With excellent communication skills and intuition for reading the changes inherent in politics, Reagan was able to not only gain support for his plans and reactions, but also become the â€Å"Teflon President.† President Jimmy Carter had trouble with the intention of his Presidency because he alienated his own political party, and received little assistance from the Republicans. Carter shunned Speaker of the House Thomas O’Neill offer to advise him on congressional relations. Carter also made fellow Democrats angry when he dropped a controversial tax rebate that he and other Democrats had worked on, right from under their noses. However,1978 was a successful year fo... ...dministration recommended it; such as when Carter helped negotiate a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt, which was tearing apart the Middle East at the time. Carter gained praises not only from Americans, but also from people world- Page 5 wide. Reagan had to deal with economics when he became President. He realized that something needed to be done for our struggling economic structure. Intentionally, Reagan had to do something about the economic structure and did so by proposing a tax cut that was passed by congress and in turn helped our economy get back on its feet. The Carter and Reagan administrations are the start of an institutional evolution of the Presidency. Both the administration of Carter and Reagan were shaped by the Cold War in the aftermath of Watergate. Watergate created cynicism of the government, which in turn made governing difficult both intentionally as well as improvisational because the institution of the President was seen as acting in the best interest of itself. Carter and Reagan suffered many difficulties during their Presidencies in which they fought through and helped re-shape the Presidency during the Cold War and the aftermath of Watergate.

What Is Changing In The Technology Of Heavy Construction Mac :: essays research papers

SUBJECT: What is changing in the technology of heavy construction machinery?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In being one of the leaders in the construction industry, it is our duty to keep up with and push ourselves in acquiring upcoming technology. As per your request on the topic, we have created a team to not only acknowledge some of the possibilities we may be faced with in the future, but to assess the causes and effects of the technology advancement. As one of the nation’s top contractors, we know first hand the importance that quality equipment plays in the completion of projects and percentage of profits retained from those projects. One vital piece of machinery that is not functioning properly can effortlessly place a job behind schedule and behind budget. And so it is easy to understand how any possible progression of equipment science could be of great importance to the company. In this report, we want to focus on two links stemming from the subject of construction equipment technology. The first point being, theoretical causes for technology advancement and the second point being, conceptual ideas currently in the works. In our research, we found that concrete findings were rare and few between, being that much of this subject is speculation or â€Å"napkin† design ideas. However; with all that our society is accomplishing and inventing everyday, it is easy to visualize the possibilities that we may be looking forward to in the coming years. Causes: Some theoretical explanations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no exact, scientific reason for which manufactures are looking to the future of construction machinery and seeing the equipment being run by computers, not operators. But there are some theoretical reasons why. To begin with, there is currently a shortage of skilled operators being felt by many companies; including ours. Along with this shortage of skilled operators, follows a shortage of skilled repair technicians to fix any malfunctioned machinery. The reason for this is that the present skilled labor coming into our work force is more educated . Therefore; they are more technical in most respects, and less interested in operated machinery then in controlling it. One reasons for this effect is thought to be due in part to the reality that kids in recent decades were not brought up playing with their toy trucks in the dirt outside, but with computer and video games. Each new generation is raised with a greater knowledge and understanding of technology, what its possibilities are and what it can do for them.

If one character from 12th Night could feature in a Simpsons Episode, who would it be?

William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is a comedy about a young girl, Viola, who is separated from her twin brother due to a shipwreck. Viola dresses up as a man in order to make a living, but runs into some dilemmas along the way. During her endeavors, some interesting characters are introduced in Twelfth Night, one of whom is the humorous Sir Toby Belch. Sir Toby is Countess Olivia’s alcoholic uncle, who loves to play pranks and have fun. He could appear on an episode of the Simpsons, because he adds to the plot, and he has comedic potential guaranteed to appeal to Simpsons fans. Sir Toby Belch would be a great guest star to appear on the episode â€Å"Twelfth Night, or Whatever.† because of his ability to add to the plot. Sir Toby is an alcoholic, and this could be greatly exaggerated in the Simpsons episode. In a scene from the play, the extent of Sir Toby’s alcoholism was portrayed when he commented â€Å"I’ll drink to [her] as long as there is a passage in my throat and drink in Illyria.† (1.3.35). This would be a sight to see, and maybe lead to Sir Toby drinking too much and learning a lesson. Sir Toby’s love of alcohol could be helpful in his interaction with other Simpsons’ characters. For example, Sir Toby is seen persuading Sir Andrew to join him, saying â€Å"Come come, I’ll go burn some sack. ‘Tis too late to go to bed now.† (2.3.165)†. Seeing how he loves to interact with friends while drinking, he could easily become acquainted with Homer and his friends in settings like Moe’s Tavern. Perhaps they could could become drinking buddies. The interactions in their inebriated state could result in some very amusing and interesting scenes. Sir Toby has a lot of comedic potential, which would be a big contributing factor to his character development. He is sure to stand out in this episode because of his silly antics, including his accidental wordplay. While Sir Toby is talking to Sir Andrew about dance, Sir Andrew gloats, â€Å"Faith, I can cut a caper.† Sir Toby responds, â€Å"And I can cut the mutton to ‘t’†. Sir Toby intentionally mistakes caper (dance) for caper (a condiment) (1.3.102-103) Sir Toby’s wordplay could be used to the character’s advantage in frustrating or confusing various Simpsons characters. Although he may be a careless, joyful man, he is also quite manipulative. Sir Toby is a prankster, and enjoys having fun at the expense of others. During a conversation between Sir Andrew and Sir Toby, for example, Sir Toby manipulates Sir Andrew in order to benefit from his wealth. Sir Toby encourages Sir Andrew to stay by reassuring him that â€Å"She’ll none o’ the count. She’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit. I have heard her swear it. Tut, there’s life in ‘t, man.† (1.3.105-107). Sir Toby gives Sir Andrew false hope so that he will be able use Sir Andrew’s money on alcohol. Sir Toby could easily provide a hilarious episode by manipulating and encouraging other characters to do ridiculous and stupid things. Sir Toby would be a great character to make an appearance on an episode of The Simpsons because of his potential contributions and his ridiculous antics. Sir Toby would provide the most entertainment out of any other Twelfth Night character, which would prove to be valuable for for a comedy television show like the Simpsons.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 24. Surprise

â€Å"No. No way!† I shook my head fiercely and then shot a glance at the smug smile on my seventeen-year-old husband's face. â€Å"No, this doesn't count. I stopped aging three days ago. I am eighteen forever.† â€Å"Whatever,† Alice said, dismissing my protest with a quick shrug. â€Å"We're celebrating anyway, so suck it up.† I sighed. There was rarely a point to arguing with Alice. Her grin got impossibly wider as she read the acquiescence in my eyes. â€Å"Are you ready to open your present?† Alice sang. â€Å"Presents,† Edward corrected, and he pulled another key – this one longer and silver with a less gaudy blue bow – from his pocket. I struggled to keep from rolling my eyes. I knew immediately what this key was to – the â€Å"after car.† I wondered if I should feel excited. It seemed the vampire conversion hadn't given me any sudden interest in sports cars. â€Å"Mine first,† Alice said, and then stuck her tongue out, foreseeing his answer. â€Å"Mine is closer.† â€Å"But look at how she's dressed† Alice's words were almost a moan. â€Å"It's been killing me all day. That is clearly the priority.† My eyebrows pulled together as I wondered how a key could get me into new clothes. Had she gotten me a whole trunkful? â€Å"I know – I'll play you for it,† Alice suggested. â€Å"Rock, paper, scissors.† Jasper chuckled and Edward sighed. â€Å"Why you don't you just tell me who wins?† Edward said wryly. Alice beamed. â€Å"I do. Excellent.† â€Å"It's probably better that I wait for morning, anyway.† Edward smiled crookedly at me and then nodded toward Jacob and Seth, who looked like they were crashed for the night; I wonder how long they'd stayed up this time. â€Å"I think it might be more fun if Jacob was awake for the big reveal, don't you agree? So that someone there is able to express the right level of enthusiasm?† I grinned back. He knew me well. â€Å"Yay,† Alice sang. â€Å"Bella, give Ness – Renesmee to Rosalie.† â€Å"Where does she usually sleep?† Alice shrugged. â€Å"In Rose's arms. Or Jacob's. Or Esme's. You get the picture. She has never been set down in her entire life. She's going to be the most spoiled half-vampire in existence.† Edward laughed while Rosalie took Renesmee expertly in her arms. â€Å"She is also the most unspoiled half-vampire in existence,† Rosalie said. â€Å"The beauty of being one of a kind.† Rosalie grinned at me, and I was glad to see that the new comradeship between us was still there in her smile. I hadn't been entirely sure it would last after Renesmee's life was no longer tied to mine. But maybe we had fought together on the same side long enough that we would always be friends now. I'd finally made the same choice she would have if she'd been in my shoes. That seemed to have washed away her resentment for all my other choices. Alice shoved the beribboned key in my hand, then grabbed my elbow and steered me toward the back door. â€Å"Let's go, let's go,† she trilled. â€Å"Is it outside?† â€Å"Sort of,† Alice said, pushing me forward. â€Å"Enjoy your gift,† Rosalie said. â€Å"It's from all of us. Esme especially.† â€Å"Aren't you coming, too?† I realized that no one had moved. â€Å"We'll give you a chance to appreciate it alone,† Rosalie said. â€Å"You can tell us about it†¦ later.† Emmett guffawed. Something about his laugh made me feel like blushing, though I wasn't sure why. I realized that lots of things about me – like truly hating surprises, and not liking gifts in general much more – had not changed one bit. It was a relief and revelation to discover how much of my essential core traits had come with me into this new body. I hadn't expected to be myself. I smiled widely. Alice tugged my elbow, and I couldn't stop smiling as I followed her into the purple night. Only Edward came with us. â€Å"There's the enthusiasm I'm looking for,† Alice murmured approvingly. Then she dropped my arm, made two lithe bounds, and leaped over the river. â€Å"C'mon, Bella,† she called from the other side. Edward jumped at the same time I did; it was every bit as fun as it had been this afternoon. Maybe a little bit more fun because the night changed everything into new, rich colors. Alice took off with us on her heels, heading due north. It was easier to follow the sound of her feet whispering against the ground and the fresh path of her scent than it was to keep my eyes on her through the thick vegetation. At no sign I could see, she whirled and dashed back to where I paused. â€Å"Don't attack me,† she warned, and sprang at me. â€Å"What are you doing?† I demanded, squirming as she scrambled onto my back and wrapped her hands around my face. I felt the urge to throw her off, but I controlled it. â€Å"Making sure you can't see.† â€Å"I could take care of that without the theatrics,† Edward offered. â€Å"You might let her cheat. Take her hand and lead her forward.† â€Å"Alice, I – â€Å" â€Å"Don't bother, Bella. We're doing this my way.† I felt Edward's fingers weave through mine. â€Å"Just a few seconds more, Bella. Then she'll go annoy someone else.† He pulled me forward. I kept up easily. I wasn't afraid of hitting a tree; the tree would be the only one getting hurt in that scenario. â€Å"You might be a little more appreciative,† Alice chided him. â€Å"This is as much for you as it is for her.† â€Å"True. Thank you again, Alice.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah. Okay.† Alice's voice suddenly shot up with excitement. â€Å"Stop there. Turn her just a little to the right. Yes, like that. Okay. Are you ready?† she squeaked. â€Å"I'm ready.† There were new scents here, piquing my interest, increasing my curiosity. Scents that didn't belong in the deep woods. Honeysuckle. Smoke. Roses. Sawdust? Something metallic, too. The richness of deep earth, dug up and exposed. I leaned toward the mystery. Alice hopped down from my back, releasing her grip on my eyes. I stared into the violet dark. There, nestled into a small clearing in the forest, was a tiny stone cottage, lavender gray in the light of the stars. It belonged here so absolutely that it seemed as if it must have grown from the rock, a natural formation. Honeysuckle climbed up one wall like a lattice, winding all the way up and over the thick wooden shingles. Late summer roses bloomed in a handkerchief-sized garden under the dark, deep-set windows. There was a little path of flat stones, amethyst in the night, that led up to the quaint arched wooden door. I curled my hand around the key I held, shocked. â€Å"What do you think?† Alice's voice was soft now; it fit with the perfect quiet of the storybook scene. I opened my mouth but said nothing. â€Å"Esme thought we might like a place of our own for a while, but she didn't want us too far away,† Edward murmured. â€Å"And she loves any excuse to renovate. This little place has been crumbling away out here for at least a hundred years.† I continued staring, mouth gaping like a fish. â€Å"Don't you like it?† Alice's face fell. â€Å"I mean, I'm sure we could fix it up differently, if you want. Emmett was all for adding a few thousand square feet, a second story, columns, and a tower, but Esme thought you would like it best the way it was meant to look.† Her voice started to climb, to go faster. â€Å"If she was wrong, we can get back to work. It won't take long to – â€Å" â€Å"Shh!† I managed. She pressed her lips together and waited. It took me a few seconds to recover. â€Å"You're giving me a house for my birthday?† I whispered. â€Å"Us,† Edward corrected. â€Å"And it's no more than a cottage. I think the word house implies more legroom.† â€Å"No knocking my house,† I whispered to him. Alice beamed. â€Å"You like it.† I shook my head. â€Å"Love it?† I nodded. â€Å"I can't wait totell Esme!† â€Å"Why didn't she come?† Alice's smile faded a little, twisted just off what it hadbeen, like my question was hard to answer. â€Å"Oh, you know†¦ they all remember how you are about presents. They didn't want to put you under too much pressure to like it.† â€Å"But of course I love it. How could I not?† â€Å"They'll like that.† She patted my arm. â€Å"Anyhoo, your closet is stocked.Use it wisely. And†¦ I guess that's everything.† â€Å"Aren't you going to come inside?† She strolled casually a few feet back. â€Å"Edward knows his way around. I'll stop by†¦ later. Call me if you can't match your clothes right.† She threw me a doubtful look and then smiled. â€Å"Jazz wants to hunt. See you.† She shot off into the trees like the most graceful bullet. â€Å"That was weird,† I said when the sound of her flight had vanished completely. â€Å"Am I really that bad? They didn't have to stay away. Now I feel guilty. I didn't even thank her right. We should go back,tell Esme – â€Å" â€Å"Bella,don't besilly. No one thinks you're that unreasonable.† â€Å"Then what – â€Å" â€Å"Alone time is their other gift. Alice was trying to be subtle about it.† â€Å"Oh.† That was all it took to make the house disappear. We could have been anywhere. I didn't see the trees or the stones or the stars. It was just Edward. â€Å"Let me show you what they've done,† he said, pulling my hand. Was he oblivious to the fact that an electric current was pulsing through my body like adrenaline-spiked blood? Once again I felt oddly off balance, waiting for reactions my body wasn't capable of anymore. My heart should have been thundering like a steam engine about to hit us. Deafening. My cheeks should have been brilliant red. For that matter, I ought to have been exhausted. This had been the longest day of my life. I laughed out loud – just one quiet little laugh of shock – when I realized that this day would never end. â€Å"Do I get to hear the joke?† â€Å"It's not a very good one,† I told him as he led the way to the little rounded door. â€Å"I was just thinking – today is the first and last day of forever. It's kind of hard to wrap my head around it. Even with all this extra room for wrapping.† I laughed again. He chuckled with me. He held his hand out toward the doorknob, waiting for me to do the honors. I stuck the key in the lock and turned it. â€Å"You're such a natural at this, Bella; I forget how very strange this all must be for you. I wish I could hear it.† He ducked down and yanked me up into his arms so fast that I didn't see it coming – and that was really something. â€Å"Hey!† â€Å"Thresholds are part of my job description,† he reminded me. â€Å"But I'm curious. Tell me what you're thinking about right now.† He opened the door – it fell back with a barely audible creak – and stepped through into the little stone living room. â€Å"Everything,† I told him. â€Å"All at the same time, you know. Good things and things to worry about and things that are new. How I keep using too many superlatives in my head. Right now, I'm thinking that Esme is an artist. It's so perfect!† The cottage room was something from a fairy tale. The floor was a crazy quilt of smooth, flat stones. The low ceiling had long exposed beams that someone as tall as Jacob would surely knock his head on. The walls were warm wood in some places, stone mosaics in others. The beehive fireplace in the corner held the remains of a slow flickering fire. It was driftwood burning there – the low flames were blue and green from the salt. It was furnished in eclectic pieces, not one of them matching another, but harmonious just the same. One chair seemed vaguely medieval, while a low ottoman by the fire was more contemporary and the stocked bookshelf against the far window reminded me of movies set in Italy. Somehow each piece fit together with the others like a big three-dimensional puzzle. There were a few paintings on the walls that I recognized – some of my very favorites from the big house. Priceless originals, no doubt, but they seemed to belong here, too, like all the rest. It was a place where anyone could believe magic existed. A place where you just expected Snow White to walk right in with her apple in hand, or a unicorn to stop and nibble at the rosebushes. Edward had always thought that he belonged to the world of horror stories. Of course, I'd known he was dead wrong. It was obvious that he belonged here. In a fairy tale. And now I was in the story with him. I was about to take advantage of the fact that he hadn't gotten around to setting me back on my feet and that his wits-scramblingly beautiful face was only inches away when he said, â€Å"We're lucky Esme thought to add an extra room. No one was planning for Ness – Renesmee.† I frowned at him, my thoughts channeled down a less pleasant path. â€Å"Not you, too,† I complained. â€Å"Sorry, love. I hear it in their thoughts all the time, you know. It's rubbing off on me.† I sighed. My baby, the sea serpent. Maybe there was no help for it. Well, /wasn't giving in. Tm sure you're dying to see the closet. Or, at least I'll tell Alice that you were, to make her feel good.† â€Å"Should I be afraid?† â€Å"Terrified.† He carried me down a narrow stone hallway with tiny arches in the ceiling, like it was our own miniature castle. â€Å"That will be Renesmee's room,† he said, nodding to an empty room with a pale wooden floor. â€Å"They didn't have time to do much with it, what with the angry werewolves___† I laughed quietly, amazed at how quickly everything had turned right when it had all had looked so nightmarish just a week ago. Drat Jacob for making everything perfect this way. â€Å"Here's our room. Esme tried to bring some of her island back here for us. She guessed that we would get attached.† The bed was huge and white, with clouds of gossamer floating down from the canopy to the floor. The pale wood floor matched the other room, and now I grasped that it was precisely the color of a pristine beach. The walls were that almost-white-blue of a brilliant sunny day, and the back wall had big glass doors that opened into a little hidden garden. Climbing roses and a small round pond, smooth as a mirror and edged with shiny stones. A tiny, calm ocean for us. â€Å"Oh† was all I could say. â€Å"I know,† he whispered. We stood there for a minute, remembering. Though the memories were human and clouded, they took over my mind completely. He smiled a wide, gleaming smile and then laughed. â€Å"The closet is through those double doors. I should warn you – it's bigger than this room.† I didn't even glance at the doors. There was nothing else in the world but him again – his arms curled under me, his sweet breath on my face, his lips just inches from mine – and there was nothing that could distract me now, newborn vampire or not. â€Å"We're going to tell Alice that I ran right to the clothes,† I whispered, twisting my fingers into his hair and pulling my face closer to his. â€Å"We're going to tell her I spent hours in there playing dress-up. We're going to lie† He caught up to my mood in an instant, or maybe he'd already been there, and he was just trying to let me fully appreciate my birthday present, like a gentleman. He pulled my face to his with a sudden fierceness, a low moan in his throat. The sound sent the electric current running through my body into a near-frenzy, like I couldn't get close enough to him fast enough. I heard the fabric tearing under our hands, and I was glad my clothes, at least, were already destroyed. It was too late for his. It felt almost rude to ignore the pretty white bed, but we just weren't going to make it that far. This second honeymoon wasn't like our first. Our time on the island had been the epitome of my human life. The very best of it. I'd been so ready to string along my human time, just to hold on to what I had with him for a little while longer. Because the physical part wasn't going to be the same ever again. I should have guessed, after a day like today, that it would be better. I could really appreciate him now – could properly see every beautiful line of his perfect face, of his long, flawless body with my strong new eyes, every angle and every plane of him. I could taste his pure, vivid scent on my tongue and feel the unbelievable silkiness of his marble skin under my sensitive fingertips. My skin was so sensitive under his hands, too. He was all new, a different person as our bodies tangled gracefully into one on the sand-pale floor. No caution, no restraint. No fear – especially not that. We could love together – both active participants now. Finally equals. Like our kisses before, every touch was more than I was used to. So much of himself he'd been holding back. Necessary at the time, but I couldn't believe how much I'd been missing. I tried to keep in mind that I was stronger than he was, but it was hard to focus on anything with sensations so intense, pulling my attention to a million different places in my body every second; if I hurt him, he didn't complain. A very, very small part of my head considered the interesting conundrum presented in this situation. I was never going to get tired, and neither was he. We didn't have to catch our breath or rest or eat or even use the bathroom; we had no more mundane human needs. He had the most beautiful, perfect body in the world and I had him all to myself, and it didn't feel like I was ever going to find a point where I would think, Now I've had enough for one day. I was always going to want more. And the day was never going to end. So, in such a situation, how did we ever stop? It didn't bother me at all that I had no answer. I sort of noticed when the sky began to lighten. The tiny ocean outside turned from black to gray, and a lark started to sing somewhere very close by – maybe she had a nest in the roses. â€Å"Do you miss it?† I asked him when her song was done. It wasn't the first time we'd spoken, but we weren't exactly keeping up a conversation, either. â€Å"Miss what?† he murmured. â€Å"All of it – the warmth, the soft skin, the tasty smell†¦ I'm not losing anything at all, and I just wondered if it was a little bit sad for you that you were.† He laughed, low and gentle. â€Å"It would be hard to find someone less sad than I am now. Impossible, I'd venture. Not many people get every single thing they want, plus all the things they didn't think to ask for, in the same day.† â€Å"Are you avoiding the question?† He pressed his hand against my face. â€Å"You are warm,† he told me. It was true, in a sense. To me, his hand was warm. It wasn't the same as touching Jacob's flame-hot skin, but it was more comfortable. More natural. Then he pulled his fingers very slowly down my face, lightly tracing from my jaw to my throat and then all the way down to my waist. My eyes rolled back into my head a little. â€Å"You are soft.† His fingers were like satin against my skin, so I could see what he meant. â€Å"And as for the scent, well, I couldn't say I missed that. Do you remember the scent of those hikers on our hunt?† â€Å"I've been trying very hard not to.† â€Å"Imagine kissing that.† My throat ripped into flames like pulling the cord on a hot-air balloon. â€Å"0/7.† â€Å"Precisely. So the answer is no. I am purely full of joy, because I am missing nothing. No one has more than I do now.† I was about to inform him of the one exception to his statement, but my lips were suddenly very busy. When the little pool turned pearl-colored with the sunrise, I thought of another question for him. â€Å"How long does this go on? I mean, Carlisle and Esme, Em and Rose, Alice and Jasper – they don't spend all day locked in their rooms. They're out in public, fully clothed, all the time. Does this†¦ craving ever let up?† I twisted myself closer into him – quite an accomplishment, actually – to make it clear what I was talking about. â€Å"That's difficult to say. Everyone is different and, well, so far you're the very most different of all. The average young vampire is too obsessed with thirst to notice much else for a while. That doesn't seem to apply to you. With the average vampire, though, after that first year, other needs make themselves known. Neither thirst nor any other desire really ever fades. It's simply a matter of learning to balance them, learning to prioritize and manage___† â€Å"How long?† He smiled, wrinkling his nose a little. â€Å"Rosalie and Emmett were the worst. It took a solid decade before I could stand to be within a five-mile radius of them. Even Carlisle and Esme had a difficult time stomaching it. They kicked the happy couple out eventually. Esme built them a house, too. It was grander than this one, but then, Esme knows what Rose likes, and she knows what you like.† â€Å"So, after ten years, then?† I was pretty sure that Rosalie and Emmett had nothing on us, but it might sound cocky if I went higher than a decade. â€Å"Everybody is normal again? Like they are now?† Edward smiled again. â€Å"Well, I'm not sure what you mean by normal. You've seen my family going about life in a fairly human way, but you've been sleeping nights.† He winked at me. â€Å"There's a tremendous amount of time left over when you don't have to sleep. It makes balancing your†¦ interests quite easy. There's a reason why I'm the best musician in the family, why – besides Carlisle – I've read the most books, studied the most sciences, become fluent in the most languages†¦. Emmett would have you believe that I'm such a know-it-all because of the mind reading, but the truth is that I've just had a lot of free time.† We laughed together, and the motion of our laughter did interesting things to the way our bodies were connected, effectively ending that conversation.

Globalization trends

Each of these stakeholders gains when a company improves the value Hahn. The common key processes that should be used to improve the value and supply chain revolve around the customer, stakeholder, and supplier. Strategic planning to change management to customer service all serve a purpose. That purpose is to enable companies and partners to do business in such a different way that creates competitive advantage. When performance is elevated to a level in which success is imminent the company not only sees increase in profits but also sees new levels in customer service, inventory, production, and synchronization of key operations.Country Risk Analysis – Struck Entering Japan Any number of risks can affect an organization's global operations and the way to overcome these risks is by implementing advantageous strategic goals and strategies. In any new business venture a firm must take risks to achieve objectives set. When expanding into a new country a higher degree of risk mus t be taken. However, a higher degree of risk does not mean the company will be venerable to losses because of changes in the economies or political situations in countries in which they are investing.Understanding the types of risk involved and properly planning for these risks will allow the company to mitigate most problems and revert losses. As described by A. M. Best's assessment (2009) of the three categories of risk, Japan has been rated low in economic, political, and financial systems. Economic Environment Japan is the second largest economy in the world behind the United States. Yet, revised figures for the final quarter of 2009 grew by less than what was estimated, 1. 1 percent. â€Å"Japan continues to face the problem of deflation† (BBC News, 2010, Para. 6).Because deflation is bad for the economy, the tendency is for consumers and businesses to delay in making major purchases. With the value of currency rising all he higher value of currency to purchase more. Ban k of Japan board members during their February meeting had mixed views on the economy. Some members believe that upside and downside risks were becoming balanced, whereas others felt â€Å"considerable downside risks to the economy' (Toasts, 2010, Para. 2). Believing that brand recognition alone could aid in the success of expansion into Japan was not a good move for Struck.Because the Japanese have a taste for everything western Struck was sure about the marketability of the Japanese. Unfortunately, Struck suffered because of â€Å"bad predictions† (Gators, 2009, Para. 0) and not enough information gathered on Japan's economy. Political Environment Presently, Japanese Prime Minister Taro Ass is struggling to implement strategies to bolster Japan's economy. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDAP) has not passed a supplemental budget needed to fund the first economic stimulus package discussed back in October 2008 (Hashish, 2009).The political paralysis of Japan takes part in the global financial crisis causing the eroding of consumer product purchases. Once a business is up and running the worry becomes entering and enforcing contracts with errs and sellers. Even with guidelines set in formulating and enforcing contracts variations are still placed on certain ways a country views the legal system. Japan is a civil law system country encouraging shorter and less specific contracts because the general civic code deals with many pertinent issues (Daniels, Redheaded ; Sullivan, 2007).The wealth of the country decides on what business regulation procedures are required when opening a business. With free trade becoming more popular in countries that at one time placed strict regulations on foreign businesses he increase in capital has effected multinational and international companies to expand outside their home countries. The relaxed restrictions result in opportunities for people to experience global products and brands. Components of a Global Business Plan A business plan tells a story about a company's strategies and goals.Along with this information, a business plan also requires specific components. The first section must start with an executive summary. The executive summary is a brief synopsis of the business plan that includes a description of the nature of the business, a reason rodents or services is needed, description of the organization and management team, and a brief explanation on the sales and marketing approach. The next section is more detailed information taken from the executive summary including the business, market analysis, financing, and management sections.Conclusion Stakeholders can be anyone directly and indirectly associated with the company, such as customers, suppliers, employees, and shareholders. Each can benefit as well as lose. The key is making sure all activities are streamlined and work in a synchronized manner. When this happens stakeholders benefit by lower costs, new reduce design and development, and trustworthiness of the company. Economic exposure is defined as, â€Å"the extent to which a firm's market value is sensitive to unexpected changes in foreign currency' (Perry, 2009, Three Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure for Mans, Para. ). Before expanding into another country, researching the economic structure of the country is important. Economic risk comes from the inability of a country to meet financial obligations. Sustaining, and self-governing society (Daniels, Redheaded, & Sullivan, 2007, Para. 1). Creating a majority of people in society that accepts present political views an result in positive benefits including the attraction of foreign investment and international trade. When turmoil among the people and the roles of government exists, friction occur creating unpleasant unrest.

Turkle and Gopnik

Connecting points for Turkle and Gopnik â€Å"What changed? That James story helps supply the key. It was trains and telegrams. The railroad ended isolation, and packed the metropolis with people whose work was defined by a complicated network of social obligations. â€Å" (Gopnik 157). | â€Å"She confined that she would trade in her boyfriend ‘for a sophisticated Japanese robot’ if the robot would produce what she called â€Å"caring environment†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I would be happy to produce the illusion that there is somebody really with me†¦ A responsive robot even exhibited scripted behavior, seemed better to her than he demanding boyfriend† (Turkle 269). In both passages the authors discuss how technology can be very convenient for us. Gopnik discusses how trains and telegrams make it easier for people to get where they need to and communicate. However, trains brought over crowding to the cities and telegrams created a sense of separation because now peop le did not have to actually go and see each other. Turkle also talks about the convenience that comes with technology. When she was talking to a female that said that she would not mind a robot boyfriend because it would help her not to be lonely but unlike a real one it she would not have to tend to their demands. The real question, I saw was not â€Å"Why this friend? † but, â€Å"Why this fiction? † Why as Olivia had seen so clearly, are grownups in New York so busy, and so obsessed with the language of busyness that it dominants their conversation? †¦ grabbing lunch instead of sitting down and exchanging intimacies†( Gopnik 156). | â€Å"Do you care that the turtle is alive?†¦ A ten year old girl told me that she would prefer a robot turtle because aliveness comes with aesthetic inconvenience†¦ â€Å"For what the turtles do, you didn’t have to have live ones. †(Turkle 265-266) |Both authors have made assumptions for their essays based on youth’s point of view . Gopnik uses his daughter’s imaginary friend to show how things are in the busy life of a New York. Technology has made New Yorkers so busy that they rather â€Å"talk to the person later† instead of sitting down and having actual conversation. Turkle also uses children to explain her point. At the zoo with children she explains how they said that they rather see a mechanical turtle because actual interaction with a turtle is not needed if the fake one can do the same thing.Both of these are examples of how technology is now seen as equal to physical bonding. â€Å"Busyness is felt so intently here because we are both crowded and overloaded. We exit the apartment into a still dense nineteenth century grid of street corners and restaurants of people full of people, and come to a twentieth-century grid of faxes and emails and overwhelming incompleteness† (Gopnik 158) | â€Å"We build a following on Facebook or Myspace and wo nder to what degree our followers are friends†¦ But for most people it begins when one creates a profile on social- networking site or builds a persona or avatar for a game or virtual world. (Turkle 273). | Both authors in these quotes talk about how, how technology has begun today to follow you everywhere and becomes more important to you than anything else. And how we create online networks we become encompassed and like our emails they become our lives. We become overwhelmed because we feel like we must respond to them and we must check our twitter followers.

A Detailed Guide On Making Atole

A Detailed Guide On Making Atole How to make Atole It was a cold day during winter break, and I was trying to catch up on my favourite show Pretty Little Liars. I was sitting in the living room and then a hot milky scent wafting from the kitchen hit me. I remember thinking that there was nothing better than a hot drink for this cold weather. I was very excited and headed straight for the kitchen. Hands holding on the edge of the doorway, peeping my head into the room, I saw my host mother making a hot beverage, and she offered me some. At first, I only tried a little bit, but then I had another sip, another one, and another one, until everything was gone. At that moment, I realized how much I liked the drink and that I would definitely need it to survive the upcoming winter days. I later found out that it was a Mexican drink called Atole. Since I was only able to enjoy the drink if someone made it for me, I decided to learn how to make it myself, which turned out to be relatively easy. There are two main stages to make this drink; th ey are buying the ingredients and then combining them to make the beverage. Before going into the instructions, it might beneficial to learn some background information about Atole. Atole is a traditional Mexican drink originating from pre-Columbian time and usually served at Dias de los muertos celebrations, which is translated as â€Å"Day of the Dead†. In Mexico, the hot thickened drink is typically made with cornmeal, water, raw sugar cane, cinnamon, and vanilla. It can also be served for breakfast on regular days or as a drink in the afternoon and late evening in place of tea, hot chocolate or coffee. With different brands, there is a wide variety of Atole flavors to choose from such as walnut, coconut, strawberry, guava, and chocolate. The only brand I had was Klass, but then I like the drink so much that I tried all their flavors and found out that walnut Atole is my favourite, which I would highly recommend to anyone. To make Klass Atole, I have to buy a package of Atole powder. Klass Atole can be found easily in grocery stores in South Texas or Northern Mexico; however, since I do not live there anymore, I have to order them online and sometimes they do not even have walnut flavor. Other than the package, the main materials needed for the process are sugar, milk, a medium-size saucepan or stockpot, a ladle, a glass or a mug, a table spoon, and measuring cups. After gathering all the materials and ingredients, all I had to do was to follow the recipe and the drink would be ready in less than half an hour. First, I put five cups of milk into a saucepan or a stockpot. After, I put the saucepan of milk on the stove on medium-high heat until the milk started to boil, which often took ten minutes. Third, while waiting for the milk to boil, I put one cup of milk into a glass or a mug and poured the entire Atole package into the container and stirred the mixture. Next, when the milk started to boil, I turned down the fire to low heat, poured the mixture into the saucepan and stirred it for one minute. Soon, I stirred about five to eight table spoons of sugar into the drink. Finally, I turned off the stove and poured out the drink into a mug and it was ready to serve. I suggest enjoying the drink with a spoon to make it easier to drink when it is still hot and delicious. As an international student who has traveled and tried new things in different parts of the United States, I have come to love Atole. I have not mastered and tried new things with Atole yet, but I am hoping to get better and better at it. It will always be a pleasure for me to introduce this appetizing drink to people all around the world.

The Protestant Reformation -- Religious Studies 3593 Moral Development Term Paper

The Protestant Reformation -- Religious Studies 3593 Moral Development - Term Paper Example And with much money and more power, the people within the church became corrupt. The people within the church were fighting. Those in power were craving for more power, and tried to implement doctrines that were becoming an â€Å"eye sore†. Everybody was questioning the teachings and doctrines of the Church. Church doctrines were taught and literally interpreted from the Bible. The people then thought of and asked for reforms. They realized that their religion was not teaching them good morals because those running their religion were corrupt and immoral. The changes or reforms asked for were complaints against the clergy, the sacraments, the many confessions, and many other complaints, called for by Martin Luther, John Calvin and others. This paper will talk on the Protestant Reformation, but authors of medieval times and of the reformation talk of several reformations. We can’t help here but talk of the Protestant Reformation in referring the colored past of the Catholic church, the Protestant Church, and others like the Calvinist concept of reformation. Also, as a result of the Protestant Reformation, several reformations or movement within the Catholic Church had emerged. They were championed by then so-called reformers within the church, like Guillaume Briconnet, bishop of Meaux in the 1520s, and Jean du Bellay, bishop of Paris from 1532, â€Å"who wanted to introduce new ideas but were prepared to do so from within the structures of the Catholic church† (Gray 5). The Reformation was a movement and a phenomenon in the sixteenth century which affected largely the political, economic, social, and religious lives of the people. It asked for changes and better religious world and beliefs. The reformers were led by Martin Luther, and then came others like Zwingli, Calvin, Knox, Cranmer, and the rest. They were later followed by the Puritans and the different Anabaptist movements (which were far more radical in their approach). These

The Young Victoria (Movie, 2008) as an example of Symbolic Activity Essay

The Young Victoria (Movie, 2008) as an example of Symbolic Activity and Performance Theories - Essay Example He then realizes that the Queen exerts little influence over her daughter, something that makes him have Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, his nephew seduce Victoria. King Leopold 1 then ordered Baron Stockmar to help Prince Albert learn Victoria’s interest such as her favorite music, opera and novels (Vallà ©e 08:58). The King’s family is then invited into the Duchess household where Albert and Victoria eventually develop an interest for one another. The rest of the movie then revolves around Queen Victoria’s reign and her marriage to Prince Albert. Therefore, this paper primarily focuses on illustrating how this film is as an example of symbolic activity and performance theories. According to Burke, life is a drama that involves conflict and division, which threatens some existing order (Wood 104). This idea applies to a number of scenes in the film. For instance, little Victoria is deeply unhappy with her lifestyle and strict rules imposed on her. She claims that the palace itself seems to be a prison (Vallà ©e 01:44). This is because of the chill that fills the rooms and coldness that largely emanate from her close adviser and the duchess. She is also isolated from other children with her company mainly comprising of servants. She is trying to amuse herself as much as she can through watching TV and playing with the dog, but this only seems to be limited entertainment. It seems that Victoria is not satisfied with the things happening in her life at that stage. This led to a series of conflict between her mother, close adviser and herself. From the film, there is a scene when Victoria tells Sir John Conroy that she is currently too smart to be controlled. However, Sir Conroy uses force to make Victoria obey her pieces of advice. In this scene, Victoria is trying to pursue perfection, which makes her guilty.

Identifying a Researchable Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identifying a Researchable Problem - Assignment Example The safety of nurses from places of work inflicted injuries and diseases are crucial to not only the nurses, but also to the patients, they take care of. The existence of healthy and amply rested caregivers is important in providing cautious monitoring, compassionate patient care, and spirited advocacy. Various workplace stressors that have been identified that can result in illnesses and injuries are present in nursing working environments. Some of these stressors include characteristics of the organization, changes taking place in both the external and internal environment of the health care industry and factors related to immediate work context. Research on better ways to improve the health and safety of nurses at the workplace is bound to reduce the accidents, injuries and illnesses that most health care givers are exposed to while handling their patients. If nurses maintain good health care and safety for themselves, there is a likelihood that the workers turnover in the industry is likely to reduce hence holding an economic benefit for the healthcare organizations. (Fabre, 2009) In addition, if people in the health care industry finally realize how big of a threat nurses safety poses, then they are likely to put more effort on training nurses on the best practices to ensure their safety. The information collected on the problem will also help in educating people in the profession on the possible risks and health challenges they face. The dangers of nursing work can damage health both intensely and in the long term. The quality of care rendered by nurses is determined by unique nurse attributes such as information and expertise, as well as social factors such as exhaustion. In addition, the environment in which nurses operate in, which does not only include the number of staff, but also the requirements of all the patients a

Profile of the origins and appeal of pilgrimages today Coursework

Profile of the origins and appeal of pilgrimages today - Coursework Example Up to the 4th century, when there was a paradigm shift and Christianity became legal, pilgrimage was considered as a purely pagan practice. Christianity in the 4th was controlled in its premature stage by the Constantine the â€Å"Great and the First Council of Nicaea of 325†. This was a contemplative practice since it made Christianity the national church in the Roman Empire. However, on the contrary to the widespread knowledge, the origin of the pilgrimage tradition in Christianity can be traced back to the initial years of the Church. The Christians wanted to visit the places where Jesus was born and resurrected such as Jerusalem and Bethlehem. In the 7th century, the holy lands were taken by Muslim Caliphates, making the pilgrimage a dangerous undertaking for Christians. The Crusaders successfully secured Christian access to the areas during the 12th century. Nonetheless, in the 13th century the area was retaken by the Ayubiddis, maintaining the status quo that had existed before the crusaders came. Hajj is perhaps the most famous pilgrimage tradition of our time. Various research articles point to the fact that the Mecca pilgrimage rituals trace way back to the days of Abraham. These days are considered as the once that generated the spiritual journey that every Muslim faithful is expected to undertake, at least once in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the patterns of this ritual that are being witnessed today were established by their prophet Muhammad. A pilgrimage journey is one that is motivated by internal contemplative needs. The objectives of conducting these missions may vary, but all of them are motivated by spiritual anticipations. For instance, when the early Christians went to Rome and Jerusalem, this was a way of showing penitence. This act was essentially to match the spiritual objectives by the Christians. Mother Teresa of Avilla also augmented this argument when she reckoned that the internal spiritual journey was a

Contemporary Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary Employment Relationship - Essay Example 5). In the past, trade unions functioned by acting as a platform for collective bargaining whereby workers would congregate to find a solution to some of the challenges they faced at the workplace. Contrarily, trade unions do not appeal to most modern day workers because of commitments in various job descriptions (Farnham & Giles, 1995, p. 5). Little differences exist between trade unions and Human Resource Management practices. The diversification of human resource practices within organisations has rendered the activities of trade unions unimportant. For instance, employees in the modern day organisation find it easy to air their grievances through the human resource department instead of following external paths offered by trade unions. Based on the recent trends, workers are rejecting trade unions representation, but they want a voice in representation at the workplace. Additionally, workers view the activities of trade unions as going against work ethics; hence, they opt to stick with the internal processes (Sherk, 2012, para 2). Consequently, trade unions have been effectively substituted with HRM units as platforms for representing the worker’s interests. Therefore, it is evident that the increase in human resource management practices has led to the decline in activities of trade unions (Sherk, 2012, Para 2 ). The following report will highlight how workers and organisations, in general, co-exist without trade unions. Additionally, it will focus on how the human resource management practices are taking up the activities of trade unions are a means of addressing the issues employees face. The decline in the popularity of trade unions is a feature in many countries. In the last 30 years, the United Kingdom has mostly been affected by this trend. In the 1970s, nearly 60% of the workers were members of respective trade unions that set the terms of employment, such as wage limits, benefits and retirement packages.

International management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International management - Essay Example ................................... 13 1. Introduction It is often said that international companies which have become tools for globalization have made the world a marketplace where peoples and countries have no recourse but to buy what they do not want to buy. Globalization, despite its many setbacks, has also positive benefits. Due to globalization national borders are not very important now, and there is the interconnectedness of organizations and businesses, while countries focus more on deregulation, privatization and liberalization of industries, and the importance of world markets. Global firms have the whole world as its market field that they can offer a wide array of products and services - firms keep growing while others downsize or rightsize. One aspect of globalization is that firms can assign departmental functions, such as marketing, finance, operations, human resource management, and accounting to other firms – this is known as outsourcing. Global firms use ma ny different structural forms in dealing with globalization. They can use the horizontal structure which is made easier with the availability of the internet and Information Technology. It is still possible with the old structure, i.e., the vertical structure where the top echelon of the organization can dictate or take hold of the reins of business even if they are in the other side of the world. Whether we see this as positive or negative, globalization has change the world in terms of commerce and trade and how we see the world in different perspectives. After the world economic downturn, some of Europe’s giant firms have continued to keep watch the playing arena of businesses in terms of acquisitions and mergers. They have turned their eyes on the emerging markets of China, India and other countries of Asia. This is because these emerging markets survived and made remarkable steps during the financial crisis. And this is one of the reasons why Bernard Arnault, who is beli eved to be Europe’s wealthiest man, has shifted business focus to Asia, particularly the emerging markets of China and India. Combine these two countries in terms of population, you have approximately one third of the world’s peoples who have the urge and the motivation to buy consumer products. In China, particularly Shanghai, the motivation is on luxury products, which is why Bernard Arnault has his own ambassador there in the person of John Galliano. Arnault has made business trips using his private jet to wherever he wants to promote the latest of his treasured bags and perfumes. He has made instant visits to places as far as Morocco not only to promote but to measure how much profits the company has earned there. 2. Background of Bernard Arnault and LVMH Bernard Arnault is not only Europe’s wealthiest businessman with an estimated worth of $39 billion, he is a multi-talented and product-oriented artist. He has acquired brands from bags to perfume and has ma de corporate acquisitions one after another. He describes his quest for perfection as a ‘duality’ which should be reinforced immediately with â€Å"timelessness and utmost modernity†. His desire to acquire businesses is not only motivated by finances but by his dream to infuse art on commerce (or commerce on art). And he is doing this because he believes he is doing it for France and the people who patronize LVMH. His modernity and art includes a collection of modern and contemporary art which will soon be housed in a grand museum designed by Frank Gehry, which Arnault has

HR Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HR - Research Paper Example The company’s vision is to become one of the leading diversified oil companies in the world, characterized by a highly motivated workforce, as well as, safe operations. The company’s mission is to enhance profitability and safety in mining and supplying of hydrocarbon fuels and feedstock. The company as well focuses on contributing to development of the nation. One of the company’s key goals is fulfilling the country aspired standards for quality assurance, as well as, environmental protection. Because of global warming, there are set standards both locally and internationally, for environmental conservation. Because of the level of environmental degradation associated with mining companies, the company faces extremely high standards. Additionally, because of sensitivity of oil products, the products’ set standards are as well high. The company as well is committed to implementing a couple of national policies meant to increase employment opportunities for the citizens. One of the key external factors that affect the company is the political factor. Over the last a couple of decades, there have been a series of political unrest in a couple of Middle East countries. This has been a threat to the stability of the company’s profitability. One of the key reasons behind this is the fact that the company serves a couple of countries in the Middle East. Another key factor is the economic factor. The global economic cycles affect the company’s profitability as well. For example, during the 2008 global financial crisis, the company registered a decline in profitability. On the other hand, when the global economy is doing well, the company registers increased profitability. Technological factor as well affect the company. For example, the company has taken advantage of the ever-changing technology to automate most of its oil production operations. This has enhanced efficiency in

Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School Essay Example for Free

Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School Essay The current issue being faced today by most educators is that during enrolment, some pupils who are promoted in Grade Three are still considered as non-readers. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), enabling the child to read in Grade 1 and 2, the primary grade is very necessary. It is in this stage that the habit of reading should be developed. If a child will not be able to read, understand what he reads and developed the habit of reading, he/she can hardly make it in the higher grades. According to Businessdictionary. com, reading grade level means number assigned to the level of complexity of a reading material, it equates to a given level of schooling, For example, a reading grade level of seven means the reading material is intended for a seventh grade student. In the field of education, this concept is very important in determining pupils’ progress in reading. According to Juan Miguel Luz (2007), Grade Three (10 years old) is a critical year in terms of formal schooling. Before School Year 2012-2023 preschooling is neither compulsory nor part of the package of free public education guaranteed by the Constitution, Grade Three marks the third full year of basic education for children who attend public elementary school and the year when the facility to read, write, and do the four operations of arithmetic with competence is expected. (Less than 20 percent of those who go to public elementary school actually attend a full year of preschool education). Dropping out before this grade level thus becomes a major contributor to the lack of functional literacy, which in turn has a negative impact on adults and their eventual work productivity. This is assuming, of course, that by the end of Grade 3 (or the third year of formal full-time schooling), the children’s competence in the three ‘Rs are being honed fully. But seeing it, that may not be happening in far too many schools. Furthermore, since they learned the basic skills in reading during their previous grades, they are expected to be a good reader when they reach Grade Three. However, there are many pupils who are still considered as non-readers. Stothard Hulme (1996) described reading as the interaction of two distinct processes, decoding and comprehension. For skilled readers decoding is a highly automated task. Skilled readers can focus their attention on comprehension of the novel material. Low ability readers typically have difficulties studying and learning from expository textual material (Helwig, Almond, Rozek-Tedesco, Tindal, Heath, 1999). Readers with robust verbal ability skills are more likely to analyze new information and draw inferences than their peers with low verbal ability. DepEd intensifies reading literacy in schools by enforcing the policy called â€Å"Every Child A Reader† (the Education Post Vol. 21, No. 1). Undersecretary Bacani said the new policy aims to make every Filipino child a successful reader at the end of Grade 3. The undersecretary is expecting that no pupil will be promoted to higher grades unless he or she manifests mastery of the basic literacy skills in a particular grade (Arnold Peralta,2006). The researchers presupposed factors to consider in eradicating or minimizing non- readers in every school. Among this are children who have spent less time in reading, their father and mother educational attainment, type of pre-school attended whether in public or private, and monthly family income. This is caused by the influence of the modern world, and parents’ inability to monitor the child’s progress because they are preoccupied with their chosen job. Some children choose to hang around malls, play computer or video games, or watch cartoons and consider reading as part of school activities that need to be forgotten during their spare time. (Arnold Peralta,2006) On the other hand, this is maybe caused by parent’s low educational attainment, and the absence of any reading and educational materials in their homes. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), the parents’ role is very important in helping increase their children’s habits. They must be involved in any activity to improve their children’s reading ability. That is why, in relation to this, the researchers aim to conduct a study that shall determine if such factors have indeed some kind of influence with the Reading Level of Grade Three pupils of Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted to determine the Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Specifically, this study aims to: 1. Describe the respondent’s socio-economic characteristics in terms of educational attainment of the father , educational attainment of the mother, and the monthly family income,type of pre-school attended, and number of hours spent in reading; 2. Determine the reading level of the respondents; 3. Determine if there is a relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended and number of hours spent in reading of the respondents. Research Hypotheses 1. There is no significant relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended, time spent in reading and the reading level. Theoretical Framework This study is based on various theories on reading level: According to the theory of reading as defined by (Henry,1986) that it must deal with wide range of issues and account for a wide range of behaviors and capabilities. Reading occurs when a child has developed sufficient decoding skills. Decoding is the ability to decipher printed words into meaningful spoken language. More specifically, decoding refers to the skill at which one is able to recognize sound, individual phonemes in a printed or written word and then length and those phonemes to form the sound of the word by (Adams 1990)NRP,2000;National Researcher Council,1998) Philip Gough and Wesley Hoover (1990) describe a theory called simple review of reading, a theory that supported that decoding is necessary for reading level success. This view asserts that weaknesses in reading decoding will result in weak reading. According to (Moats 1999, p5). Reading is the fundamental skill upon which all formal education depends. Research now shows that a child who does [not] learn the basics early is unlikely to learn them at all. Any child who does learn [not] to learn to read-early and will not easily master other skills  and knowledge and unlikely to ever flourish in schools or in life. According to (Kantawala, 1980) states that, the higher the socioeconomic status the better the reading attitude, according to him students of small size family had a more favourable reading attitude than those of large families. Due to the lack of independent reading student may not have developed the positive attitude towards reading. Conceptual Framework Reading level is one of the problems of teachers and parents with regards to their pupils and children. As parents become worried on the reading level of their sons and daughters many of them are unaware of the factors which may significantly affect such occurrence. These pupils on the other hand, who have delayed reading level, frequently, consider reading a task for them to study. In this study, Monthly family income, Preschool last attended, Time spent in reading serves as the Independent Variables while Reading level serve as the Dependent Variable. In terms of Monthly Family Income the researcher believe that those respondents with a higher monthly family income are expected to have a high reading level. In terms of Pre-school last attended, researchers believe that those pupils who obtain schooling in private pre-school than in public are expected to a have high reading level. In terms of Time spent in reading, the researchers believe that those who spent much time in reading are expected to have high reading level. Independent variable 1. Socio-economic characteristics * Educational attainment the father * Educational attainment the mother * Monthly family income 2. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained * Public * Private 3. Time spent in reading Dependent variable Reading Level Figure 1. A Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Independent and Dependent Variables. Definition of Terms To establish a frame of understanding for both the researchers and readers to facilitate correct interpretation of the results of the study, the following term were defined: Educational Attainment of Father this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the father. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Educational Attainment of Mother this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the mother. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Monthly Family Income. This refers to the total gross income of the pupils family per month and is further classified into High (Php 5000 and above), Average (Php2500 and above), Low (1500 and below). Pre-school last attended. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained whether it is in Day Care Center or Pre-Elementary Public School. Time Spent in Reading. This refers to average time not less than 80 to 100 minutes of independent or shared reading per week by the pupils. Reading Level- reading will be measured by using the IRI assessment and the respondents will be ranked through Frustration level, Instructional Level, Independent Level. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study aims to determine the factors related to the Reading Level of Grade 3 pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School during the School Year 2012-2013. This study will be conducted at Luis Mirasol Memorial School for convenience of both the researchers and the respondents. The Grade 3 pupils were selected as respondents of this study. The information needed in this study will be gathered using a self-administered questionnaire structured by the researchers. Furthermore, the interview and questionnaire will use to test the reliability of the research instrument. This study would be more reliable if it covers a larger scope and if more respondents will be involved. But this will also mean more effort, time and money that the researchers despondently lack. Significance of the study. The results of this investigation are expected to be highly beneficial to the following: Central Philippine University—College of Education. As an educational institution that hones every individual to become successful professionals in the future, the problem would be beneficial to the College of Education for the outreach center in the field study, to plan out certain programs, and strategies for the Luis Mirasol Memorial School as a partnership of Central Philippine University. Luis Mirasol Memorial School. If this study proves to be beneficial as a means of basis and standards, teachers will be able to find new ways and strategies on how to improve the reading level of their pupils. Parents. As the legal guardians of the children, the results of this investigation would serve as a stimuli towards their awareness on the factors that affect the reading level of their children. Furthermore, this study would initiate them to be more involved to follow up their children at home with partnership to the teacher and open line communication for the development of their children. Elementary Pupils. Whenever proven that the mentioned factors have something to do with the Reading Level of the pupils, the pupils themselves can learn and even do something to counteract negative impact caused by such factors as to their reading skills. Researchers. The outcome and conclusions drawn from this study will be beneficial to other researchers as a guideline for future studies. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Educational Attainment of both Parents and Reading Level Research on parenting also has shown that parent education is related to a warm, social climate in the home. Klebanov et al. (1994) found that both mothers’ education and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home but that mothers’ education alone was predictive of parental warmth. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The mediation effect was stronger for maternal education than for family income. Thus, these authors posited that education might be linked to specific achievement behaviors in the home (e. g. , reading, playing). Preschool Attended and Reading Level Preschool helps children to use their minds by knowing where the child means also knowing how his mind deals with the activities of the curriculum and other experiences in the early years. Mental operation most relevant for early education can be grouped into 3 major areas: perception, memory and problem solving. According to Maria Montessori, early education has an indispensable role in the whole personality of the child. The stage of human development from 0-6 years is the stage of the most absorbent mind and the critical period of a child. This stage is the most sensitive period in the life of the child that needed a wholesome, healthful and rich background. If a child fails in reading during the primary grades, his chances for success in any other academic area are greatly reduced. It is therefore essential that a pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school. (http://onlineacademics. org/ReadingDiagnosis. html) Preschool improves childrens problem solving abilities for elementary school. Educational advocates recognize early childhood education, during the preschool years, as among the most enduring and beneficial services a community can provide for its children. Some parents choose to delay formal education until kindergarten, instead instructing their children in reading readiness tasks and offering enrichment classes at home. Children who arent offered these opportunities, whether at home or in a formal school setting, perform below their kindergarten classmates in reading and social readiness. (W. Steven Barnett; January 2006). According to a study by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, children who attended preschool scored at a higher reading level than children who did not attend preschool. Even if they couldnt read, exposure to reading, books and listening to stories resulted in higher levels of letter and number recognition. When introduced to numbers and letters during kindergarten, children who attended preschool already had conceptual and visual familiarity, making it easier for them to make sense of written words. This advantage in reading comprehension and ability continued through age 15. Time Spent in Reading and Reading Level. (U. S. Department of Education, 1986) have recently reiterated the assertion that time spent reading at school and at home is an important facet of a reading program. Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading, a number of studies have found that intermediate grade students spend relatively little time reading at school or at home. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings Kaskowitz, 1974). At the same time, however, many activities besides silent reading occur during the reading period (Anderson et al. , 1985). Consequently, studies on general student engagement during the reading period do not provide direct evidence of a meaningful relationship between time spent on silent reading and reading achievement. A few studies have supported the assertion that time engaged in silent reading is an important determinant of elementary students reading achievement. Greaney (1980) found a positive relationship between the amount of time spent reading at home and the reading achievement of elementary-age children. In effect, the assertion that time engaged in silent reading at school and at home is important for childrens reading growth has little empirical support; the literature contains surprisingly few studies that have actually found significant relations between time engaged in silent reading and gains in reading achievement for intermediate grade students. In fact, Wilkinson et al. (1988) and Anderson et al. (1988) have recently bemoaned the paucity of evidence. Thus, in the present study we focus on the relationship between reading and achievement gains. We attempt to provide data directly relevant to the policy question of whether or not elementary teachers and administrators should advocate students devoting more time to silent reading at school and at home. Synthesis of Review of Related Literature The Related Literature presented above revealed that there are certain existing factors related to the Reading Level of the pupils in an educational institution. It was mentioned by Klebanov et al. (1994) that education of parents and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school (Maria Montessori). This serve as a foundation to their basic learning during their elementary grades. The time spent on reading has been beneficial to children who read during their free time. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the  reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings Kaskowitz, 1974). Chapter III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents a description of the Research Design, locale of Study, Sampling Population, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and Data Analysis. Research Design The non –experimental Design, Specifically the One shot survey was used in this study since it is the most appropriate approach in collecting the prescribed data. This design is suitable for the collection of descriptive information about the population or subjects of the study. Moreover, the design requires data to be collected once and it also utilized when the objective is describe a situation or condition of a study population as it exist. Locale of the Study The data and information needed in this study was obtained at Luis Mirasol Memorial School, for the convenience of both the respondents and the researchers. The locale is also appropriate, as it can accommodate all the respondents of the study. Respondents of the Study. All of the Grade III pupils from Luis Mirasol Memorial School will be taken as respondents of this study. Census of the total population from the mention institution will be formally obtained with proper permission from the School’s Principal with the total 70 respondents. Data Gathering Instrument The information needed in this study will be gathered using self-administered questionnaire and to be structured by the researchers. It consists of four parts: The first part of the instrument will asks about the Educational Attainment of both Parents, the second part pertains to the  Family Income of the respondents, the third part will asks about the Type of Pre-school the respondent attended, and the fourth part is the number of hours that the respondents spent in reading. Data Processing and Analysis The data in this study will be subjected to computer processed statistics using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Program. A coding manual was prepared for easy facilitation of the data. In order to achieve the goals of the study, Descriptive Statistics which included the mean and Inferential Statistics which included the frequency count and percentage of the results was used. CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The following are the results of our study conducted during the summer of 2012. We interviewed 53 students and the results show that when the respondents are grouped according to educational attainment of the father, the results are: Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Father EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE FATHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| | Elementary| 4| 7. 5| 7. 5| 7. 5| | High School| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 35. 8| | College Level| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 47. 2| | College Graduate| 28| 52. 8| 52. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100.0| 100. 0| | In table 1, out of the 53 respondents, majority of their fathers are college graduate, 28 in total which comprise 52. 8% of the total population, followed by fathers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28% of the total population. College level fathers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 6 and 4 in total respectively and comprise 11. 3% and 7. 5% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Mother  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE MOTHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Elementary| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 11. 3| | High school| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 39. 6| | College level| 11| 20. 8| 20. 8| 60. 4| | College graduate| 21| 39. 6| 39. 6| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | In table 2, the data shows that out of the 53 respondents, majority of their mothers are college graduate, 21 in total which comprise 39. 6% of the total population, followed by mothers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28. 3% of the total population. College level mothers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 11 and 6 in total respectively and comprise 20. 8% and 11. 3% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. According to____________________________________________? Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income MONTHLY INCOME| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | 5000 and above| 23| 43. 4| 43. 4| 43. 4| | 1501-4999| 20| 37. 7| 37. 7| 81. 1| | 1500 and below| 10| 18. 9| 18. 9| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have monthly net income above 5000, 23 in total which comprise 43. 4% of the total population, followed by those who have monthly income ranging from 1501 to 4999, 20 in total, which comprise 37. 7% of the total population, and lastly those who have monthly net income higher than 15000 comprised 18. 9% of the population, or 10 respondents. This data shows that According to Table 4. Distribution of Respondents According Type of Preschool Attended PRESCHOOL ATTENDED| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Public| 51| 96. 2| 96. 2| 96. 2| | Private| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have finished their preschool in public schools, which comprise 51 respondents or 96. 2% of the entire population. The remaining 2 or 3. 8% went to private schools. This data shows that? __________________________ According to_______________________? Table 5. Distribution of Respondents According Time Spent in Reading TIME SPENT IN READING| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | one hour a day| 26| 49. 1| 49. 1| 49. 1| | two hours a day| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 58. 5| | three hours a day| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 62. 3| | one hour in a week| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 71. 7| | three hours in a week| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 75. 5| | Less than one hour a week| 13| 24. 5| 24. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them spent one hour a day in reading, 26 in all or 49. 1%, followed by those who read less than an hour a week, 13 in all or 24. 5%. Those who read two hours a day and one hour a week are both tied which comprise 9. 4% of the population or 5 respondents in all. Same is in those who read three hours a day and three hours a week, both 2  respondents’ responds positively comprising 3. 8% of the population. This data shows that? __________________According to_______________? When grouped according to the raw scores in Filipino reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN FILIPINO| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 78. 58| Median| 80. 00| Mode| 80| Std. Deviation| 4. 050| Minimum| 59| Maximum| 83| The range of the scores in Filipino exam is from 59 to 83, 59 being the lowest and 83 the highest, with a mean score of 78. 58, mode and median at 80 and with a standard deviation of 4. 050. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 1) When grouped according to the raw scores in English reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN ENGLISH| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 42. 21| Median| 44. 00| Mode| 43| Std. Deviation| 5. 749| Minimum| 17| Maximum| 49| The range of the scores in English exam is from 17 to 49, 17 being the lowest and 49 the highest, with a mean score of 42. 21, mode at 43 and median at 44 and with a standard deviation of 5. 749. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 2) To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in Filipino we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 093 with the significance of 0. 508. In terms for correlation between the mother’s educational attainments in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 21, with the significance of . 440. In terms of parents net monthly income in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get Spearman’s Rho of -. 013 with significance of . 464. In terms preschool attended in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be . 066, with the significance of . 321. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 131, with the significance of . 176. To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents score in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 086 with the significance of 0. 269. In terms of mother’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 030 with the significance of 0. 415. In terms of monthly income in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be .015 with the significance of 0. 456. In terms of preschool attended in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 088 with the significance of 0. 265. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be -. 114 with the significance of 0. 209. (complete table of correlation see Appendix A table 3. ) CHAPTER V CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the study the following conclusion was drawn: 1. Parent’s educational attainment, both mother and the father have no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the level educational attainment of the parents does not affects the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 2. Parent’s net monthly income has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the net monthly income of the parents does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 3. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 4. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 5. The time spent by the pupil reading has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the time spent by the pupil reading does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are generalized: 1. Central Philippine University must take action and do more research as of what is the cause of the low reading level among Luis Mirasol Memorial School’s Grade III pupils. 2. Since there are no significant relationship between parent’s educational attainment, net monthly income and the reading level of a pupil, the parent’s must get involve in other ways in the pupil’s academe aside from the given two. 3. Researchers are recommended to find other factors that have probable relationship to reading level aside the factors given in this research. 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